Cybersecurity Glossary

A DMZ is a segment of a private network that is isolated from the private network using a firewall and is protected from obvious abuses and attacks from the Internet using a firewall. There are two main configurations for deploying a DMZ: screened subnet and multi-homed firewall.

A DoS (Denial-of-Service) attack aims to disrupt access to a resource. It violates availability. Flooding, connection exhaustion, and resource demand are the types of DoS attacks. A flooding attack overloads network devices and servers with massive network traffic. Connection exhaustion consumes all system resources related to connections, preventing other connections. Resource demand repeatedly requests a resource, keeping the server too busy to respond to other requests.

The occurrence of a data breach is when internal data is made accessible to unauthorized external entities due to disclosure of confidential information, access to confidential information, destruction of data assets, or abusive use of a private IT environment.

Integrity is verified through cryptographic hashing, which generates a hash value from the input data. A hash is calculated before and after an event, and if the two hashes match, the data has retained its integrity. If not, something about the data changed.

Data mining refers to the process of analyzing and searching through data to find important and valuable items of relevance. The outcomes of data mining are referred to as meta-data. It can involve discovering individual significant data items, providing an overview of multiple data items, or consolidating and clarifying a collection of data items.